Comparing The Canadian And The United States Health Care...

The purpose of this paper is to compare the Canadian and the United States health care system. the first part of the paper will focus on describing each country health care system. The second part will focus on analyzing, evaluating and comparing these two countries system efficiency and benefits. The last part, is an overview of the recent policies changes and its effect (positive and negative) on each country citizens and proposed future reforms for better coverage in these countries. Canada health system Canada provides a national universal care that covers everyone in the country. Medicare founding are received through public spending. It’s a single payer system single payer system. Many feels that it is inaccurate to characterize the†¦show more content†¦Since 1971 the health care system has deviated from each other. While Canada has had publicly funded national health insurance, the United States has relied largely on private financing and delivery (Goran Ridic). The current health Care act (Canada health act) was introduced in 1984 and it covers almost all the cost of citizens medical cost. In the course of this period, spending in the United States has grown much more rapidly despite large groups that either not covered or minimally insured. Canada health care system is relatively low compare the United States. So why are do they have better coverage (lower infant mortality rates or higher life expectancy)? Under the Act, each provincial health plan is administered at the provincial level and provides comprehensive first dollar coverage of all medically necessary services. With minor exceptions, health coverage is available to most if not all residents with no out of pocket charges. Most physicians are paid on a fee for services and enjoy a great deal of practice autonomy. Private health insurance for covered services are illegal. Most Canadians have supplemental private insurance for services that are not covered, such as prescription drugs and dental services. Consequently, physicians are forced to participate and each health plan effectively serves all residents in the province (Henderson 487). Physician fees are determined by a negotiations between the ministry and provincial medical associationsShow MoreRelatedThe Canadian Health Care System1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canadian health care system is often touted as a better health care system compared to the way the United States administers health care since the two neighboring nations appear to be economically and socially similar. The U. S. and Canada have extensive health care systems for it citizens but each country has different methods to financing health care. Health care in Canada is funded at both the provincial and federal levels while the U.S. health care system funded by a combination of publicRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1329 Words   |  6 Pages Hatfield August 10, 2015 The Canadian system is often considered the model for the U.S. health care system. Both countries health care systems are very different-Canada has a single-payer, mostly publicly-funded system, while the U.S. has a multi-payer, profoundly private system but both countries appear to be similar and suggesting that it might be possible that the U.S. to clone the Canadian health system. Much of the appeal of the Canadian system is that it seems to do more for lessRead MoreComparison and Contrasts of the United States and Canadian Health Care Systems1624 Words   |  7 PagesContrasts of the United States and Canadian Health Care Systems The National healthcare debate is one that has been a continuing arguing point for the last decade. The goal is to provide healthcare to all Americans, regardless of whether they are able to afford insurance or not. In 2009, the U.S. National Health Care Act failed to come to be debated in the house. This Act would have called for the creation of a universal single-payer health care system. Under the policiesRead MoreWhat Is The Difference Between Germany And The United States726 Words   |  3 Pagesdoing this research, we are comparing three of the most industrialized countries: Canada, Germany, and The United States. The first part will give a brief, but detailed description of the healthcare systems, while the second part will compare and analyze the three countries that are listed above. What changes have taken place and other future reforms for the two? Although the three do not agree much, the one thing they do agree on does not want one another healthcare systems. M ajority of AmericansRead MoreHealth Care Of The United States Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages Health Care in the United States Matthew Glennon Ivy Tech Community College Abstract The aim of this paper was to gather and find information over universal health care. Research will demonstrate the varying ideas on universal health care. The goal of the paper for the reader is to inform them well enough on the topic to be able to pick a side and make a solid argument. The reader will be informed on different ideas that surround universal health care. The combinedRead MoreStandards of Evaluation1097 Words   |  5 Pagesof Health Care Standards Between the US and Canada The Canadian health care system is often compared to the US system. In 2007 a systematic review concluded that outcomes may be superior in Canada versus the United States. The US system spends the most in the world per capita, and was ranked 37th in the world by the World Health Organization in 2000, while Canadas health system was ranked 30th (Guyatt, 2007). In terms of access, more Canadians seem to be covered with a decent health careRead MoreA Brief Note On Canada And The United States Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesAccessibility About 80% of Canadian claims that they have a family doctor and 64% of the population claim to have a dentist. In another word, the healthcare in Canada is considered to be highly accessible. Unfortunately, the system does have its flaws in situations such as the aboriginals, the people with disabilities, and for the populations that lives outside the urban areas have less accessible healthcare providers. For many instances, the dweller of the rural and reserves areas would have toRead MoreHealth Care Criteria Throughout the World853 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow in order to establish health care for people in different societies. The way the resources are allocated, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from country to country. When you think about healthcare services around the world, there are so many diverse countries that run health care in different ways. Comparing the United States to other countries such as Canada and Poland is very interesting in the part of how h ealth care is handled. Health care is an important service that touchesRead MoreChanges to Two Welfare States Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagestwo welfare states, or welfare systems are the same, all of them are unique. They are all run differently, and offer different benefits for different costs to their citizens. All welfare systems in a way create a class system based on who uses the welfare provided and who does, who has access to the social programs in place and who has no access. When one doctor and one patient, in 2005, challenged the Quà ©bec Health Insurance Act and the Hospital Insurance Act to allow private health care in Quà ©becRead MoreThe Formation Of Canada s Health Care System1028 Words   |  5 Pages Two-Tiered or not Two-Tiered- Is That Even the Question? Looking at the Future of Canada’s Health Care Kirstin Cain Sociology 101 Northwest Community College Two-Tiered or not Two-Tiered- Is That Even the Question? Looking at the Future of Canada’s Health Care One of the founding fathers of structural functionalism, Emile Durkheim, believed that society could be viewed as an entity whose parts, or institutions, needed to work well together as a whole and that society’s needs determined how

Analysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird - 1491 Words

Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as a literary masterpiece in American literature, it was banned and challenged for racism, profanity, and mentions of incest and rape. To Kill a Mockingbird is often said to be a loosely based story of Harper Lee’s life portrayed through the thinly disguised protagonist, Scout Finch. The setting and characters in To Kill a Mockingbird share numerous similarities with Harper Lee’s childhood. Like Scout Finch, Harper Lee grew up as a tomboy in a small town in Alabama. Lee’s father was a lawyer and a member of the Alabama state legislature and is said to be the inspiration of Atticus Finch (Editors). Because Lee grew up in a southern state where racial discrimination was common and she wrote the novel near the pinnacle of the Civil Rights Movement, it is plausible to believe that the issues in To Kill a Mockingbird were shaped by events in the 1950s as well as in the 1930s, the time chosen for the novel s setting (Johnson).During the 1950s, the court system was tested with many controversial cases that dealt withShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1593 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Major Themes †¢ Standards of behavior †¢ Morals/values †¢ Racism Important Symbols †¢ Mockingbirds (Innocence/ morals and values)– The book depicts mockingbirds as innocent creatures that shouldn’t be harmed since they did nothing to harm others. While practicing with their rifles, Atticus tells Jem and Scout that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. The mockingbirds share a connection with Tom Robinson since they are both innocent and don’t deserve toRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthe embodiment of this tedious process. Bildungsromans embody all of these different paths from the common starting point of birth. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is one such Bildungsroman about a girl’s maturation contrasted with the children around her. Through the utilization of different economic and familial backgrounds during the Great Depression allows Lee to formulate a story about the maturation and childhoods of many children displaying sundry variations of childhood, which she uses toRead Mor eAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1429 Words   |  6 PagesAn individual’s beliefs are often a reflection of the expectations placed on them by society, family, friends and themselves. The type of pressure experienced differs according to social status as well as level of education. To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee that follows the life of a young girl named Scout Finch and her experiences as she grows up in the small, Southern town of Maycomb. Through Scout and her family; ideas of injustice, prejudice, courage and character are expanded uponRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1459 Words   |  6 Pagesnothing in common, they do have something: the conception of harmonizing or not. After reading both of these novels, it is clear that the theme, to conform or not to conform is seen in both of these novels. The first novel was To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee. To epitomize the narrative, Scout and her brother - Jem - befriend a boy named Dill, who they play with during the summers and later, when autumn comes around, Scout starts school for the first time. Then, the following summer, DillRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1514 Words   |  7 Pagesare not just one human you are one different human being who has many aspects that make you the person you are. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, judgement is evident when characters Arthur Radley, Atticus Finch, and Dolphus Raymond are misjudged for the way they community sees them, which is being judged by one aspect rather than more of the person s true character. Throughout the novel, Arthur Radley also know as Boo, is misjudged by the community for being a phantasm personRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1514 Words   |  7 Pagesare not just one human you are one dif ferent human being who has many aspects that make you the person you are. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, judgement is evident when characters Arthur Radley, Atticus Finch, and Dolphus Raymond are misjudged for the way they community sees them, which is being judged by one aspect rather than more of the person s true character. Throughout the novel, Arthur Radley also know as Boo, is misjudged by the community for being a phantasm personRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 2140 Words   |  9 PagesFamilies of Maycomb What is a family? A Family is usually defined by its complex set of relationships that help pass on values, morals, and love through the generations. To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, may be one of the most famous and raved about novels of the 20th century, the story focuses on the importance of family and the differences in their morals and values. The concept of family is essential to this story, it serves as one of the main themes present throughout the novel, giving usRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1878 Words   |  8 Pagesoffer. Women back then and even now are being limited to a life that is already chosen for them. They are given an ideal as to how a women should behave and what she should wear, as well as inequality in having a job. From the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee we are introduced to the main character a young girl whose name is Jean Louise Finch â€Å"Scout†. We are then also introduced to other female characters who make a big impact throughout the novel, Scout’s Aunt Alexandra, and the house maidRead MoreArticle Analysis : Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1385 Words   |  6 Pageslot of books that get banned are due to having real world events, and certain words that are censoring students from history, and reality. â€Å"Harper Lee’s book has been challenged by black parents who object to the use of the word â€Å"nigger†.† (Rohrer). Although the word is disrespectful to use, it’s a part of history that can’t be erased. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† uses the word 58 times in the book, but without it, the book wouldn’t have an accurate representation of that time era. The fact that someRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee 1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectively

Personality traits free essay sample

Team Personality Traits can be easily captured by five dimensions. These dimensions are called the Big Five. The Big Five consists of Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Instability, and Openness. A combination of questions and answers provides information that determines which characteristics are associated with each other. If teams were handpicked with specific goals in mind, these characteristics could determine whether the team succeeds or not. For example, a team made up of aggressive, deceptive, passive and destructive personalities would probably not agree on anything. The Big Five have been gathered through the result of decades’ worth of psychological research into personality. While they don’t capture the idiosyncrasies of everyone’s personality, it is a theoretical framework in which to understand general components of our personality that seem to be the most important in our social and interpersonal interactions with others (psychcentral. com/blog/archives/2009). Everyone took the same test and the results came out very different from each other results. Johanna is a very well organized and can be relied upon, extremely outgoing, social and energetic. Agreeableness, finds it easy to express irritation with others. But also is generally relaxed most of the time. Gracie is reclusive, quite, unassertive, and private; overly organized, neat, structured, and retrained at the expense too often of flexibility, variety, spontaneity and fun. Gracie is relaxed, calm, secure, and optimistic in life. Moderately kind natured, trusting and helpful while still maintaining own interests. At times can be suggested overly small minded, traditional, and conventional at the expense of intellectual curiosity, possibility, and progress. Megan does not typically seek out new experiences, very well organized and can be relied upon. Extremely outgoing, socially, and energetic, good natured, courteous, and supportive. Generally relaxed at the most times in life and in most situations. Dawn is at times overall talkative, outgoing, sociable, and interacting at the expense of developing own individual interests and internally based identity. Overly organized, neat, structured and restrained at the expense too often of flexibility, variety, calm, secure, and optimistic. Is very relaxed, calm, secure and optimistic in life at most times. Is overly kind natured, trusting, and helpful at the expense too often of your own individual development. Is intellectual, curious, imaginative, but possibly not very practical in life. Working together is a great asset once we learn how to utilize everyone’s skills. Being on a team allows for much more perspective rather than just our own. Looking at the Big Five Assessment results we can determine who is the most organized and works best under pressure. We can also tell who has a creative personality and is open to trying new things. These are all excellent traits to have for a team completing an assignment. When breaking down the team assignments it would be in our best interest to choose someone who pays close attention to detail, is organized, as well as dependable to be our leader. If we chose a procrastinator and someone who is easily anxious we may wind up with a late or unprepared assignment which would cost us points. Knowing what everyone’s strengths and weaknesses are allows us to really know who we are working with and how to handle our assignments. Looking at the Big Five assessment we can easily determine who has which traits. According to the results we all got, the Big 5 Personality Test is not the most reliable test to describe an individual’s personality. There are various factors that define someone’s personality, but if an answer is need instantly then the test is big help. For example for a job interview, the Big 5 Personality Test is an extremely good way to somewhat let the employer know if that person is a good candidate for that certain position. According to each other’s result we did not exactly came to an agreement for the accuracy of this test. In my opinion it was accurate, for myself. But I would not use the test to define who I am. Dawn’s results were indeed not accurate one-hundred percent. Due to the fact that it said he was more of an extrovert than an introvert, when in fact he is the opposite. The Big Five test is perfect for online schools because it lets everyone know which person works well under pressure, who procrastinates, and who is an over achiever, and more. With this, each team can be prepared for what it is in stores within their team. The Big Five is a valid test for certain things, but it indeed does not define who an individual is. It is a very good help, to begin working with others but we each will get to know each other as we all work together. â€Å"The weakness of the Big Five Theory is that there is some debate among researchers as to what makes up the core of each element† ( Booker, Kitchen, Rebman. 2007). It is clear that we all have different opinions of what makes up each of the components that the test is divided into, but we all have some similarities therefore the test is not that much inaccurate. Different definitions but same key points, which makes the Big Five Test a good method for online school and other things such as job interviews. The various personality tests can give a synopsis of a person’s likely hood of working well within a group setting. It cannot however take into consideration all the various situations that may take place during this period. A person can start out with the best of intentions and fail. There may be a lack of communication among the group, prior personal commitments, technical issues, or just not understanding the assignment. You have people that adjust to any situation and their only goal is basically to just get the job done. There are people that only want to work by themselves because they do not trust others to do their share. The Big Five can be a useful way of helping an individual to understand themselves and others. You normally don’t get to see the results of your teammate or coworker, so you are both working in the dark. Seeing the results can also lead to mistaken profiling. In most team assignments, you really don’t get to know the people that you are assigned to work with due to time limitations. Walter Lippmann, an influential American writer, journalist and political commentator, once said â€Å"For the most part we do not first see, and then define; we define first, and then we see. †

Planning and Reviewing of an Identity Theft Case

The planning and evaluation process of the identity theft case against the university professor will require several action steps. The actions that will be taken to recover the identity of the university professor will depend on the nature of the identity theft and the fraud committed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning and Reviewing of an Identity Theft Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first step will be to request the professor to confirm the presence of any anomalies in his monthly statements. If he observes any anomalies on his credit cards statements, or financial reports, he will be advised to inform his credit agencies immediately (Dadisho, 2005). The second action plan will depend on the errors detected in the professor’s monthly credit cards statements. Once the professor reports any anomaly, and the fraud team concludes there are grounds to believe a fraud has taken place, the frau d team will recommend to the professor that he files a preliminary fraud alert with his credit cards companies, or other agencies that deal with identity theft. He will also be asked to confirm his accounts details with these companies (Dadisho, 2005). Once a fraud is confirmed, the professor will be advised to file a protest form with the trade agency and an identity theft statement with the local law enforcement unit. Following this step, the professor will be instructed to make several copies of the police report and preserve the originals in a secure place. These documents will facilitate the investigation process (FBI, 2012). Depending on the nature of the identity theft, the professor will be advised to contemplate a second fraud notification. This type of alert lasts seven years. It obliges creditors to contact the professor in-person prior to opening new accounts. This final step helps creditors authenticate the identity of the person opening an account with them. This minim izes the chances of an identity theft (FBI, 2012). How to Stop or Minimize Identity Theft It is possible to stop or minimize identity theft. This argument is confirmed by the B. J. Thomas case. Miss Thomas lost 65,000 dollars in identity theft. A Federal Bureau of Investigation agent K. Barrows managed to solve this case, which was one of Americas’ long running fraud cases (O’brien, 2004). With the advent and increase in identity theft cases in modern years, major credit agencies across the world such as Equifax and Experian, began recommending credit supervision and personality fraud facilities to their customers for a fee (Roberson, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations I would recommend several measures to prevent and minimize odds of fraud as a result of identity theft. First, I would recommend close monitoring of credit cards. Given that credit c ard statements contain transactions history, watchful credit card users can observe anomalies in their transactions. In view of this, credit users may need to subscribe to identity theft monitoring services, as an additional safety measure. Second, people should be advised to preserve their financial transactions data and review their monthly statements regularly to identify errors and anomalies in the statements. Third, people have to invest and install defense softwares in their computers. In addition, they should keep these computer applications updated, to protect against online hackers and other pilfering computer applications (Mitic, 2009). I would also recommend to people to avoid sharing documents with private information, they be cautious of strange email with attachments and active links, they keep personal documents with sensitive data such as credit card numbers and bank account numbers protected and they stay informed about modern day frauds (Mitic, 2009). References Da disho, E. (2005). Identity Theft and the Police Response: The Problem. Web. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). A stolen identity is a powerful cloak of anonymity for criminals, terrorists, and a danger to national security and private citizens alike. Web. Mitic, S. (2009). Stopping Identity Theft: 10 Easy Steps to Security. Berkeley, California: Nolo. O’brien, T. L. (2004). Identity Theft Is Epidemic. Can It Be Stopped? The New York Times, p. 1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning and Reviewing of an Identity Theft Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Roberson, C. (2008). Identity Theft Investigations. New York: Kaplan Publishing. This essay on Planning and Reviewing of an Identity Theft Case was written and submitted by user Jayde Dillon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Use of technology as a learning tool

With the enhancement of technology that has been evident in the past years, technology has become an integral part of most of the activities carried out by humans. For instance, technology has become an integral part of business, socializing, and education. In the contemporary world, learning is aided by technology in all levels.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use of technology as a learning tool specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As children are introduced to learning, technological tools like smart phones, iPads, laptop computers, minicomputers etc., are increasingly being used. In other levels of learning, technology is inseparable with the learning process. It makes the learning process and the process of instruction an effortless task. This paper is an investigation of the ways in which technology can be used to enhance literacy learning, and how technology can be used in educating early year’s leaners . Instruction can prove to be a rather difficult task, especially if there is no sufficient equipment to aid it. This is especially the case if the learners are young, and thus they cannot easily understand what they are being taught. The use of technology in learning has come in handy in such situations. Young learners can now use technology tools both in school and at home to enhance their learning. Some of these tools include iPads, mini computers, laptop computers, smartphones etc. These tools are normally equipped with services that enable easier access of simplified information. For instance, children, with the help of their teachers and parents, can access graphical images on the internet that can help them in understanding their classwork. The same case applies with iPads and smartphones, which are equipped with high-speed internet connection. They can also play digital games that help to improve their analytical skills (Sweeney, 2010). For older learners, technology is, per haps, the most efficient learning tool being used today. The internet has enabled easier sharing of data, like notes, assignments, etc. In the contemporary classroom, assignments are submitted online, and the feedback to the same is also transmitted online. Tutors have the option to use projectors in classroom in order to reach students well without wasting too much time writing on the board. Technology has therefore made learning more effective, time saving, and even cheaper. The latter benefit can be explained by the fact that in the past, students had to print every assignment in order to be evaluated. Another technological tool that has found popularity among older learners is the use of blogs in learning. Teachers are increasingly encouraging their students to use blogs in their learning. Most of the teachers have their blogs on which students sign up and access materials like notes.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pa per with 15% OFF Learn More Perhaps the most beneficial aspect of blogs is their ease of sharing. Debates and discussions can be held on blogs, where students and their teacher post their contribution to a given controversial topic. This aids the learning process because the students are able to get different views on a particular topic and evaluate them to know which point is worth taking (Groff, 2009). Teachers may also share learning materials like notes and assignments on their blogs, or even communicate to their students about burning issues. From the above discussion, it is apparent that technology is a very useful learning tool. It has been used for both the preparatory levels of learning and the advanced levels of learning. It simplifies learning by enabling learners to access more information easily. This makes the learners stay up-to-date with information without wasting a lot of time. All learning institutions should thus appreciate this fact and embrace technolo gy in their learning programs. Reference List Groff, J. (2009). Using the technology of today, in the classroom today. Web. Sweeney, T. (2010). Student’ Use of ICT in the Early Years. Web. This essay on Use of technology as a learning tool was written and submitted by user Jonah A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essays

How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essays How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essay How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essay In most modern-day industrialized states, adult females s engagement rates have been lifting. Since the 1980s, adult females s employment has become more uninterrupted, even among female parents with kids. ( Lewis, 2009:27 ) However, despite of the optimistic lifting employment rate among adult females, the calling interruption due to maternity still has a major impact on adult females s callings. Some adult females opt for part-time occupations after giving birth to child/children while some might go out the labor till their kids reach school ages. This essay aims to analyze the impact of maternity on adult females s calling in footings of adult females s work and care determination and type of plants female parents do under different eventualities. As Windebank ( 2001:269 ) points out that there are great fluctuations in female parent s employment engagement rates and calling forms across states, this essay chiefly focuses on female parents calling picks an d forms in two states, viz. Sweden ( a generous public assistance state which endeavoring for adult females s equality ) and the United Kingdom. The first portion of the essay briefly negotiations about the general impacts of maternity on adult females s calling followed by the descriptions of adult females s calling picks ( e.g. work or care determination ) and calling forms ( e.g. full-time VS. part-time, types of work female parents do ) in the two states mentioned. In the concluding portion, the possible accounts to the forms found in both states will be addressed, such as the economic inducement, societal norms, institutional context, and adult females s instruction degree. And the essay will be concluded by sum uping the impacts of maternity on adult females s calling and discoursing its deductions for policy shapers. Motherhood s Impact on Women s Career The grounds ( Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006:335 ) shows that maternity could hold impacts on adult females s engagement rate both before and after the childbearing. In their article, the female engagement rates in all three states, viz. the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, have declined since 12 months before the childbearing and neer return to the original degree 24 months after the childbearing. Hewlett ( 2005 ) besides states that 37 % of adult females take some sort of interruption from work to accomplish appropriate work-life balance. Although 93 % of those adult females who taken a interruption after give a birth to kids want to re-enter the occupation market, merely 74 % are successful, among these merely 40 % return to full clip work. The statistics suggests that maternity does affect adult females s calling to a different grades and it could last over a long period of clip. In general, motherhood itself presents four picks for adult females. First, adult females could stay in their full-time occupations after giving birth to their child/children. Second, they could take a more flexible occupation or a parttime work to accomplish work life balance after going a female parent. Third, adult females could take to go out the labour force for good for their households. Forth, adult females could go forth the labor market temporarily and return to work after a piece ( e.g. when their child/children reach school age ) ( Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006:330 ) . However, adult females who take the last option might happen hard to return to the labor market. As Joshi et Al ( 1996 ) point out that losing of tie with the labor market due to the complete issue could deprecate adult females s human capital and do future entryway hard. Therefore, the longer a female parent is out of the labour force, the harder it is for her to return to work. Mother s Career Choices and Patterns in Sweden Bing one of the most generous public assistance provinces, Sweden is frequently regarded as a function theoretical account in footings of endeavoring for equal adult females rights. In fact, most Swedish adult females work fulltime anterior to give birth and the bulk of adult females do return to paid work ( either long part-time or full-time ) after the pregnancy leave. Harmonizing to the Statistics Sweden ( a taking Swedish official statistics website ) , there are more than 80 per centum of Swedish female parents in the labor market by the twelvemonth of 1999. The high return rate is likely attributed to its long paid parental leave. Harmonizing to the Swedish Law, all parents ( employed prior to give birth ) are entitled to 12 months leave with about 3,600 Pounds income replacing ( up to 80 % of their income before childbearing ) plus 90 yearss of Guaranteed yearss with 6 lbs per twenty-four hours. Besides, parents rights to return to labor market are guaranteed by Swedish la bour ordinances. ( Bjornberg, 2002:34 ) These policies non merely assist adult females to accommodate the work and care balance during the most hard period ( with little kid under 1 twelvemonth old ) , but besides promote adult females to take portion in work force after pregnancy work by guaranting them better opportunities of being employed. As a consequence, kid under 1 twelvemonth is normally taken attention at place by their parents ( chiefly female parents ) . And among kids aged 1-6 old ages, institutional attention alternatively of place attention is normally chosen by Swedish parents as that most female parents could return to their occupations afterwards. The statistics ( Statistics Sweden, 2008 ) shows that 86 % of kids aged 1-6 old ages are in municipal twenty-four hours attention in the twelvemonth 2007. Based on the observations, Bjornberg ( 2002:39 ) suggests that the traditional male breadwinner theoretical account with female parents as homemakers is non supported i n Sweden instead a dual-earner theoretical account is more common and acceptable in Sweden. The high return rate does non happen among female parents with one kid but among female parents with more than one kid as good. As the Swedish policy provinces that the parent is able to bask the same insured income degree if the following child-birth is within 30 months of the old kid. Therefore, it makes possible for female parents with more than one kid to return to labor market after pregnancy leave without worrying about the costs and losing their working rights. It is interesting to observe that many returned female parents in Sweden choose to get down work as part-timers. Traditionally, parttime work frequently associated with features such as low wage, no benefits and low position, nevertheless, parttime work in Sweden has a different significance. The long working hours ( e.g. 30 hours per hebdomad ) gives parttime a non-marginalized characteristic in Sweden. And parttime working female parents are by and large treated likewise to their full-time co-workers and able to hold more liberty in their clip ( Sundstrom and Duvander, 2000 ) . Fagan and Lallement ( 2000:45 ) indicate that parttime workers have integrated into Swedish labor market and received equal intervention in labour jurisprudence and pay constructions . Mother s Career Choices and Patterns in the United Kingdom Prosecuting to be a broad public assistance province , the U.K. authorities has besides come up with expressed policies to accommodate paid work and household life in footings of child care services, child care leave and flexible working hours since 1997. ( Lewis and Campbell, 2007:4 ) Evidence shows that the freshly introduced family-friendly enterprises do hold certain effects in altering the British labor market state of affairss. The mother engagement rate in the market has increased from 24 % in 1979 to 67 % in 1999 ( Dench et al. , 2002 ) although among returned female parents, many engage in part-time instead than full-time occupations. Statisticss ( Social Trends, 2005 ) shows that 40 % of adult females aged 16 to 59 with kids are in a parttime occupation. However, the parttime work has a different definition in UK comparison to that of Sweden in footings of the on the job hours. Part-time female parents merely work approximately 16 hours per hebdomad in U.K. ( Bishop, 20 04 ) which is much shorter than 30+ hours in Sweden. In the facet of public child care system, it is non every bit popular as that of Sweden due to the hapless making of childcare staff in UK and a deficiency of support. ( Lewis and Campbell, 2007 ) In general, alternatively of the traditional male breadwinner theoretical account or Swedish dual-earner theoretical account, Britain parents are taking a one-and-a-half earner theoretical account, which male parents work long hours ( 48+ hours per hebdomad ) while female parents work short hours ( about 16 hours ) . ( Christine and Tang, 2004 ) Therefore, untypical occupation ( e.g. parttime work ) and switch parenting are common in UK. ( Lavalle et al. , 2002 ) Explanations to the Patterns Found Based on the findings of both Sweden and UK, it is clear that maternity affects adult females s calling non merely in the signifier of calling interruptions during childbearing but besides in footings of the after-effects on equilibrating work and child care. There are several similarities found among working female parents in both states, for case, both states have a comparatively high mother return rate. However, parttime female parents in Sweden are apparently to bask a better benefit coverage, position and pay compared to female parents in U.K. In the undermentioned portion of the essay, the grounds account for the different forms observed will be discussed and whether the high return rate reflects adult females s true penchant between work and household will be explored. Harmonizing to Hakim ( 2000 ) , the difference in work and attention determination made by female parents is determined by each adult female s penchant. However, many research workers criticize Hakim s statement by demoing other factors which curtailing adult females s determinations, such as the income degree of the family, institutional context, societal norm and adult females s instruction degree. Household Income Level Household income degree straight limits female parent s determination on work and attention. Harmonizing to Vlasblom and Schippers ( 2006 ) , female parents are more likely to travel back to labor market if the benefit for engagement is larger than its chance costs. For case, most female parents in Sweden choose to work as adult females s income in a family is every bit of import as their spouses in order to keep a high life criterion every bit near as possible to those of families without kids . ( Bjornberg, 2002:36 ) In the instance of U.K. , the lessening in household subsidy in revenue enhancement system during the 1990s has made child care more dearly-won, ( Sainsbury, 1999 ) as a consequence, many British female parents chose to return to workforce during that clip. However, unlike Sweden, high quality and low-cost public child care is non widely spread in U.K. Harmonizing to Taylor s study ( 2003 ) , there are merely 8 % of organisations offering fiscal aid with child care costs and 3 % organisations supplying child care for their employees. Therefore, the deficiency of child care service and the high costs associated with child care outsourcing for working parents has explained the increasing figure of parttime working female parents and the switching child care agreement between parents in U.K. Social Norms Under the traditional male breadwinner theoretical account, female parents are expected to go homemakers while male parents will be the lone income beginning for the family. However, as clip base on ballss by, the societal norm has been changed and working female parents are more acceptable in both states ( Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006 ) . And in Sweden, adult females to hold a paid employment before childbearing is indispensable as the replacement income during 12 months pregnancy leave is determined by adult females s salary degree prior to giving birth. Those female parents who were homemakers do non have any income benefit during the first twelvemonth of kid attention ( Bjornberg, 2002 ) . Such policies, to a certain extent, have reinforced the adult females s importance in the occupation market and increased the credence of adult females s function as workers in general. However, in both states, the increasing in adult females engagement rate and societal credence of working female parents does non fit the alterations in their male partners behaviors. Gershuny ( 2000 ) points out that work forces s engagement in unpaid work is much lower than adult females s engagement rate in paid work. Harmonizing to Elvin-Nowak and Thomsson ( 2001:432 ) , father s work agenda is considered as fixed and inalterable and female parents concern about kids s wellbeing more than male parents do, as a consequence, the dialogues come to rest between the adult female and her scruples instead than between the female parent and the male parent. Uneven distribution of domestic jobs, particularly child care is still prevailing presents. In U.K. , the long on the job hours of work forces has left the child care to female parents chiefly. Without the aid from their partners, it is more hard for female parents to unite the work and child care and therefore, full-time work is f requently non an available option for many British female parents. The state of affairs in Sweden is comparatively better than that in U.K. due to the debut of compulsory Daddy Month policy. However, Even in state like Sweden, fathers merely pass merely half the clip in taking attention of kids as their spouses do ( Gornick and Meyers, 2008:318 ) . Institutional Context Institutional context is one of the most critical factor in determining adult females s work and attention determination. Often, the alteration in female parent s behavior is as a consequence of alteration in institutional policies, such as the reduced in household subsidy mentioned above. Both British authorities and Swedish authorities are taking to advance waged labors through its policies, like extension of pregnancy leave, childcare proviso or flexible working-hour patterns, in order to pull female parents into work force and to increase the labour supply and revenue enhancement base ( OECD, 2005 ) . However, these two states have varied grade of success in obtaining the end. The difference in institutional policies explains why the part-time female parents in Sweden could concentrate on their work better than those of U.K. First of wholly, the public child care is well-developed and widely used in Sweden, hence, most Swedish adult females are able to work long hr parttime or full-time occupation without worrying deficiency of proper attention for their kids. Besides, the debut of Daddy Month in Sweden has increased the male parent s engagement in child care undertaking and therefore, reduces the load from female parents. Harmonizing to the statistics, 77 % of male parent in Sweden took up the whole month leave in 1995. However, the formal child care is either excessively expensive or ailing organized in U.K. which forces most British female parents to care kids in private and restricts their calling development. Besides, the long working hours for British male parents makes sharing private child care more hard and frequently female parents have to alter their working hours in order to accommodate their spouse s more stiff agendas for child care. Therefore, female parents calling in U.K. is more likely to be disturbed than their opposite number in Sweden. Women s Educational Degree Besides the differences in external factors, such as the policies, income and societal norms, the educational degree among adult females besides affect the grade of maternity s impacts on their callings. The educational degree here non merely refers to the initial instruction ( Portela, 2001 ) , but besides the working experiences and personal capablenesss a adult female possesses. Elvin-Nowak and Thomsson ( 2001:407 ) suggests that female parents with different societal background have different maternity experiences and interpreted the significance of the maternity otherwise. In general, low-skilled female workers are more likely to go out the labour force for their kids than those high-skilled workers ( Cantillon at al. , 2001 ) . And Hofferth et Al. s ( 1996 ) survey is consistent with Cantillon s findings, demoing that high-skilled adult females tend to utilize formal child care while low-skilled adult females tend to supply child care themselves. As a consequence, high-skilled adult females are more likely to perpetrate themselves into their work without worrying about the child care. At the same clip, with the high net incomes gained from work, they are able to afford the formal child care while for the low-skilled adult females who can non afford the formal child care with the low net incomes, remaining at place to look after their kids becomes the lone option for them. In UK, 75 per centum of extremely educated adult females with kids aged under 5 old ages old are actively participate in paid work while merely 24 per centum of adult females without makings are in work force. ( EOR, 2001 ) Similar consequences are found among Swedish adult females excessively. Besides, Sundstrom and Duvander ( 2000 ) found that parents with higher educational degree are more likely to portion the domestic undertakings including child care than twosomes with lower educational degree. Therefore, it confirms the position that adult females whose degree of instruction is high is more likely to take portion in work. Decision This essay has examined the maternity impact on adult females s calling pick and forms in Sweden and the U.K. The findings show that both states have an increasing female parent engagement rate. But despite of the optimistic lifting working female parent Numberss in both states, working female parents callings are still affected by the maternity. Not merely that full-time work option is no longer available for many female parents due to the load of child care, parttime working female parents are by and large more hard to concentrate on their occupations, particularly in the U.K where formal proviso of formal child care system is non well-developed. Besides, possible factors, such as household income degree, societal norms, institutional policies and adult females s educational degree, which restrict female parent s work and attention determination, are explored in the essay. However, there are many other factors which could determine the maternity s impact on adult females s calling , for case, the figure of kids. Womans with smaller household size have less calling interruptions and pass less clip on child care, therefore they have better chance to impart their energy into paid work ( Gill et al. , 2000 ) . Besides, the lifting divorce rate and high teenage gestation rate consequence an addition in singe-mother households. Motherhood s impact on individual female parent household could be different from normal households. After analysing the possible factors which affect working female parents callings, how their handiness to the labor market and position could be increased is the cardinal challenge that should be addressed. Based on Sweden and the U.K. instances, it is clear that institutional policies could a powerful tool for making a better environment for working female parents. For case, the Daddy Month introduced by Swedish authorities has been successful in undertaking the unequal division of work among work forces and adult females and this policy could be learnt by other states excessively. In amount, in order to increase working mother s full-time engagement rate and accomplish better work-life balance in the society, authoritiess should put more on the institutional policies. In another word, following the construct of diversity/mainstreaming , authorities should alter the focal point from seeking to suit working female parents into the society to altering the society/organization/cul ture to encompass differences by doing working female parents issue cardinal to every facet of the policy. Word: 2930

Statistical modelling..BUSINESS REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Statistical modelling..BUSINESS REPORT - Essay Example The home characteristics can further be classified into ‘the number of rooms in a house’, ‘the number of full and half bath rooms’, ‘availability of garage’, ‘cellar’, ‘balcony’ etc. Similarly, the characteristics related to the vicinity or the neighborhood of a house can be termed as the neighborhood characteristics. These characteristics can further be classified into ‘roadside’, ‘traffic intensity’, ‘bothersome location’, ‘crime prone vicinity’ etc. The scope of this paper is to consider given factors for the assessment of house value by testing the level of their significance. The expected outcome is termed as a prediction model. INTRODUCTION The assessment of the price of a house is generally assessed through the few apparent factors like the construction value, design and location of the house. The rough estimation usually does not encompass the related factors t hat are important to decide the value of a house and have a significant impact on the assessment process. The study of the factors other than the common factors is important to identify their role in the determination of the price or value of a home. Generally a realtor’s claim would always be that the location is the most important factor when it comes to determining the value of a house or home. ... The null hypothesis here would be the realtor’s claim i.e. the location is the most important factor in assessing the house value whereas the alternate hypothesis refutes by stating that this is not the only factor but there are other significantly effective factors that are needed to be taken into account. LITERATURE REVIEW There are a number of processes that can be used to predict house values. These include various probabilistic methods. Multivariate Spatial Method, Time Series analysis, Footy Forecast Forecasting methods( a method that is similar to simple sequence method), ordinary least square regression and logistic regression, ‘hedonic model and artificial neural network model’, ‘non-parametric latent manifold model’. The procedure that we would incorporate in order to evaluate the house values from our system is multiple regression analysis. Multiple Regression Analysis incorporates the effects that a number of independent variables have on a dependent variable. In the current study it is attempted to evaluate that what do independent variables such as the number of bedrooms and bathrooms present in a house, the vicinity of the house and other factors etc. have of the value of a house. Home characteristics The properties related to the home structure, architecture, design and construction quality and the provisions it extends are considered to come under home characteristics. The main characteristics included in this study are the size in square feet, number of bedrooms and bath rooms, presence of pool and fireplace, age of house and design of construction. Neighborhood characteristics The outside environment of a home generally referred to as location comprises of the neighborhood characteristics. The study includes